Graphs
David M. Goldstein
1,*
,
Shawn H. McCreight
2
,
Éva Buchi
3
, and
John P. Huelsenbeck
4
1
Department of Linguistics,
University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1543,
USA
;
2
Nytril LLC
, 2904 Horsehead Bay Dr. NW, Gig Harbor, WA 98335, USA
;
3
Centre national de la
recherche scientifique
, Nancy, FR
and Université de Lorraine
, Nancy, FR
;
4
Department of Integrative
Biology,
University of California, Berkeley, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
;
1. Graphs
Spanish words starting with 'a'
aɾbol
/a/
/ɾ/
/b/
/o/
/l/
Tree
Spanish
aɡwa
/ɡ/
/w/
Water
aɲo
/ɲ/
Year
aʝa
/ʝ/
There
a
At
2 of
5
Reference Authors
DMG
SHM
ÉB
JPH
GA
NA
CA
AVA
AE
CA
MA
EA
CA
QDA
SA
PKA
A
ACB
PB
JB
OB
HB
JB
LB
FB
CB
AB
RB
BB
MB
SB
LB
CHB
WB
JLB
AC
SC
EWC
CC
GC
CC
WC
MYC
IC
MC
CG
JPC
EC
WAC
SC
RD
AD
DD
TKD
CTD
JMD
RD
AJD
MD
SND
SE
MTE
PE
BE
TE
YF
RF
JF
GF
CF
AJG
CG
TG
MG
DG
RDG
PJG
SJG
TLG
EG
GKG
WH
GH
DH
RAH
MH
YH
MH
WKH
KH
TH
PH
JH
JH
SH
H
CJH
EWH
IH
PH
SH
DJH
AH
I
BI
GJ
RDJ
GJ
TJ
HJ
JJ
LJ
FJ
MIJ
BDJ
TJ
THJ
SK
BK
RIK
TDK
AK
BK
HK
DK
KEK
EK
GK
K
OK
LK
JK
DK
MK
YL
ML
BL
NL
LCL
AL
PL
CL
POL
HL
NL
JL
ML
GL
MM
JLM
WM
MM
YM
EM
DM
AM
BM
JM
NM
JM
IM
BM
SM
DM
HNM
JAN
HN
RN
DN
JJO
MO
MP
LP
HP
BSP
AP
RP
RP
UP
TP
DR
DR
FR
AR
MR
MDR
JR
RJR
SS
LS
AS
JS
FS
CSS
MS
CS
KS
MS
AS
DLS
ES
EDS
MS
YSS
AS
ES
GS
RFS
KS
MAS
MS
PS
MT
UT
T
ST
AT
BT
RT
AT
ET
JLT
VT
NT
TT
AU
JMV
BSV
AV
NV
LW
MW
WSW
TW
AW
MW
JW
KMW
SW
W
RW
WX
SY
M
ED
S
A
F
3 of
5
Words containing segment
/ɾ/
Voiced
Pulmonic
Tap/Flap
Rhotic
Vibrant
Liquid
aɾvuɾɨ
aɾbol
abɾə
fɾutɐ
fɾuto
fɾujt
ɡɾɐ̃w
ɡɾano
ɡɾa
floɾ
floɾ
ɛɾvɐ
ʝeɾba
eɾbə
kaɾnɨ
kaɾne
kaɾn
sanɡɾe
oɾɐʎɐ
oɾexa
uɾɛʎə
ɨʃtɾelɐ
estɾeʝa
maɾ
maɾ
maɾ
pɛdɾɐ
pjedɾa
pedɾə
tɛɾə
bɨbeɾ
bebeɾ
bɛwɾə
ʁiɾ
reiɾ
riwɾə
veɾ
beɾ
bɛwɾə
oviɾ
oiɾ
kuɲɨseɾ
konoθeɾ
pẽsaɾ
pensaɾ
sẽtiɾ
sentiɾ
duɾmiɾ
doɾmiɾ
duɾmi
bɐteɾ
batiɾ
batɾə
tɐʎaɾ
taxaɾ
viɾ
beniɾ
ʒɐzeɾ
ʝaθeɾ
ʒawɾə
lɨvaɾ
ʝebaɾ
tuɾnaɾ
toɾnaɾ
kɐiɾ
kaeɾ
kawɾə
teɾ
teneɾ
ɨʃtrĩʒiɾ
estɾeɲiɾ
əstɾɛɲə
lɐvaɾ
labaɾ
kuzeɾ
koseɾ
dizeɾ
deθiɾ
kɐ̃taɾ
kantaɾ
ʒuɡaɾ
xuɡaɾ
kuʁeɾ
koreɾ
ĩʃaɾ
inʧaɾ
kɾɨʃseɾ
kɾeθeɾ
kɾeʃə
otɾu
otɾo
altɾə
laɾɡu
laɾɡo
ʎaɾk
ɡɾaʃu
ɡɾaso
ɡɾas
ɨʃtɾɐjtu
estɾeʧo
əstɾɛt
veɾdɨ
beɾde
bɛɾt
neɡɾu
neɣɾo
nɛɡɾə
tɾeʃ
tɾes
kwatɾu
kwatɾo
kwatɾə
Liquid
4 of
5
Vowels
Vowel
/o/
/i/
/a/
/o̯a/
/ə/
/ɐ/
/ɔ/
/e/
/ɨj/
/ɐ̃w/
/ɛ̃/
/eː/
/u/
/oː/
/ɨ/
/uː/
/y/
/ẽ/
/ɑ̃/
/ɛ/
/aː/
/ɨw/
/œ/
/ɔj/
/ɑ/
/ɐ̃/
/ɔ̃/
/au̯/
/ø/
/iː/
/ej/
/ɛj/
/e̯a/
/aj/
/õ/
/oj/
/ĩ/
/ɐj/
/øː/
/ũ/
/œ̃/
/ɐ̃j/
Equations containing symbol
λ
λ
(
L
+
1)
f
(
S
|
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
)
f
(
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
|
S
)
=
f
(
S
|
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
)
f
(
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
)
f
(
S
)
r
= −
(
L
i
q
ii
)
i
+
L
λ
+
(
L
−
1)
μ
P
(
S
)
=
τ
ν
θ
P
(
S
|
τ
,
ν
,
θ
,
λ
,
μ
)
P
(
τ
,
ν
,
θ
,
λ
,
μ
)
d
ν
d
θ
d
λ
d
μ
λ
<
μ
L
λ
/
r
λ
<
μ
λ
/
μ
5 of
5
Symbols in equation
f
(
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
|
S
)
=
f
(
S
|
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
)
f
(
Ψ
,
λ
,
μ
,
θ
)
f
(
S
)
Ψ
λ
μ
θ
S
