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Journal of History
Published
Research Article
OXFORD
History of the Early United States
The first four presidents
David McCullum
1
and
Isabel Allen
2
Keywords
United States, History
1
1. Introduction
History is a tale told by the winners. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
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exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in
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reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
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labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
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nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
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cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa
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qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
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elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
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quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
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labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
14
nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
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cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa
16
qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
17
elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
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quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure
19
dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint
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occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem
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ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore
22
magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
23
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
24
labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
25
nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
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cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa
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qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
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2
History of the Early United States
elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
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quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure
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dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint
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occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem
32
ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore
33
magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex
34
ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu
35
fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui
36
2.
George Washington
2.1. Overview
An American soldier, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first President of the United
37
States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental
38
Army, Washington led the Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War, and presided
39
at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the Constitution of the United States and
40
a federal government. Washington has been called the "Father of the Nation" for his manifold
41
leadership in the formative days of the country.
(Wikipedia: George Washington)
42
Gilbert Stuart Williamstown portrait of George Washington
FigÂ
1
.
A portrait of
George Washington
(Stuart
1796
)
2.2. Events
TableÂ
1
shows a list of the major events in the life of
George Washington
.
43
History of the Early United States
3
TableÂ
1
.
Events in the life of
George Washington
.
February 22, 1732
Born
July 19, 1775
Commander of the Continental Army (term begins)
December 3, 1783
Commander of the Continental Army (term ends)
April 30, 1789
U.S. President (term begins)
March 3, 1797
U.S. President (term ends)
December 14, 1799
Died
3.
John Adams
3.1. Overview
An American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who was the second
44
president of the United States. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that
45
achieved independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded
46
with many important figures in early American history, including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams
47
and Thomas Jefferson
(Wikipedia: John Adams)
48
Portrait of John Adams
FigÂ
2
.
A portrait of
John Adams
(Stuart
1800
)
3.2. Events
TableÂ
2
shows a list of the major events in the life of
John Adams
.
49
4
History of the Early United States
TableÂ
2
.
Events in the life of
John Adams
.
October 30, 1735
Born
April 30, 1789
U.S. Vice-President (term begins)
March 3, 1797
U.S. Vice-President (term ends)
March 4, 1797
U.S. President (term begins)
March 4, 1801
U.S. President (term ends)
July 4, 1826
Died
4.
Thomas Jefferson
4.1. Overview
An American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as
50
the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He had previously served as the second vice
51
president of the United States under John Adams and as the first United States Secretary of State
52
under George Washington. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a
53
proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break
54
from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and
55
decisions at both the state and national levels.
(Wikipedia: Thomas Jefferson)
56
Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson
FigÂ
3
.
A portrait of
Thomas Jefferson
(Peale
1800
)
4.2. Events
TableÂ
3
shows a list of the major events in the life of
Thomas Jefferson
.
57
History of the Early United States
5
TableÂ
3
.
Events in the life of
Thomas Jefferson
.
April 13, 1743
Born
March 4, 1797
U.S. Vice-President (term begins)
March 4, 1801
U.S. Vice-President (term ends)
March 4, 1801
U.S. President (term begins)
March 4, 1809
U.S. President (term ends)
July 4, 1826
Died
5.
John Q. Adams
5.1. Overview
An American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist, who served as the 6th president of the United
58
States from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the 8th United States Secretary of State from 1817 to
59
1825.
(Wikipedia: John Quincy Adams)
60
Portrait of John Quincy Adams
FigÂ
4
.
A portrait of
John Q. Adams
(Brady
1843
)
5.2. Events
TableÂ
4
shows a list of the major events in the life of
John Q. Adams
.
61
6
History of the Early United States
TableÂ
4
.
Events in the life of
John Q. Adams
.
July 11, 1767
Born
January 1, 1817
Secretary of State (term begins)
January 1, 1825
Secretary of State (term ends)
March 4, 1825
U.S. President (term begins)
March 3, 1829
U.S. President (term ends)
February 23, 1848
Died
References
M. Brady
, Portrait of John Quincy Adams,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Q._Adams.jpg
,
1843
,
Daguerreotype
R. Peale
, Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:
Official_Presidential_portrait_of_Thomas_Jefferson_(by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800).jpg
,
1800
, Oil on
Canvas
G. Stuart
, Gilbert Stuart Williamstown portrait of George Washington,
https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpg
,
1796
, Oil on Canvas.
Based on the unfinished Athenaeum Portrait
G. Stuart
, Portrait of John Adams,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Adams_Portrait.jpg
,
1800
,
Oil on Canvas
Wikipedia: George Washington—George Washington,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
George_Washington
Wikipedia: John Adams—John Adams,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams
Wikipedia: John Quincy Adams—John Quincy Adams,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_
Quincy_Adams
Wikipedia: Thomas Jefferson—Thomas Jefferson,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson
